History of Islam: Rise and Expansion

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The origins of Islam and the spread of Islam became one of the most important turning points in world history. Prophet Muhammad and his revelations, the Hijra to Medina, the first Muslim communities, and the wars against the Quraysh laid the foundation of Muslim civilization. The Battle of Badr, the Battle of Uhud, and the Battle of the Trench became symbols of the struggle for faith. After the Prophet’s passing came the rise of the Rashidun Caliphate: the Ridda Wars, the unification of Arab tribes, and the expansion of Islam through conquest.

Muslim armies conquered Persia, Syria, Palestine, and Egypt. The Battle of Yarmouk, the fall of Jerusalem, and the conquest of Egypt opened a new era in Islamic history. Jihad, Islamic conquests, and the first fitnas shaped the political and religious map of the Muslim world. The Sunni–Shia split, the rise of the Umayyads, and the expansion of Muslim power from Mecca to Damascus all became part of the great history of Islam.

Date: September 21, 2025
History Arab Conquests Battle of Badr Battle of the Trench Battle of Uhud Battle of Yarmouk Conquest of Egypt Early Islam Early Muslim Empire Fall of Jerusalem First Fitna Hijra to Medina History of Islam Islam and Byzantium Islam and Persia Islamic Conquests islamic history Jihad Life of Muhammad Origins of Islam prophet muhammad qur'an Rashidun Caliphate Ridda Wars Rise of the Caliphate Spread of Islam Sunni and Shia Split

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21 thoughts on “History of Islam: Rise and Expansion”

  1. Let’s clarify something that’s often misunderstood:
    Phrases like “How the Byzantines Preserved Roman History” are actually oxymorons — because there was no such thing as a “Byzantine Empire.”

    The so-called “Byzantines” were Romans — citizens of the Eastern Roman Empire, which continued unbroken from the founding of Constantinople in 330 CE until its fall in 1453 CE.

    The name “Byzantine Empire” was invented over a century after its fall by the German historian Hieronymus Wolf in 1557. Western scholars adopted the term to distance the later, Greek-speaking Christian empire from ancient, Latin-speaking Rome — a political and cultural bias that still clouds our understanding of history today.

    In reality:
    • The empire’s citizens called themselves Ῥωμαῖοι (Rhomaioi) — Romans.
    • Their state was officially titled Basileía tōn Rhōmaíōn — Empire of the Romans.
    • Their laws, armies, and institutions were direct continuations of ancient Rome.

    So when someone says “the Byzantines preserved Roman history,” the truth is simpler —
    the Romans preserved their own history.

    Because Rome didn’t fall in 476 CE — it endured until 1453 CE.

  5. He was in Mecca, besieged by the majority of his tribe and fought by the Arabs and the narrowest circle around him. In the midst of these challenges, he was sending messages to the King of Abyssinia, the King of Persia, and the King of Rome, inviting them to Islam and telling them that Islam would extend to their countries and reach the east and west of the earth. Within a few years, God’s promise was fulfilled, and His Messenger was victorious over those who besieged him and fought him. God even defeated empires and great nations that fought Islam, and Islam remained while they all perished. God and His Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, were truthful.

  6. He was in Mecca, besieged by the majority of his tribe and fought by the Arabs and the narrowest circle around him. In the midst of these challenges, he was sending messages to the King of Abyssinia, the King of Persia, and the King of Rome, inviting them to Islam and telling them that Islam would extend to their countries and reach the east and west of the earth. Within a few years, God’s promise was fulfilled, and His Messenger was victorious over those who besieged him and fought him. God even defeated empires and great nations that fought Islam, and Islam remained while they all perished. God and His Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, were truthful.

  7. He was in Mecca, besieged by the majority of his tribe and fought by the Arabs and the narrowest circle around him. In the midst of these challenges, he was sending messages to the King of Abyssinia, the King of Persia, and the King of Rome, inviting them to Islam and telling them that Islam would extend to their countries and reach the east and west of the earth. Within a few years, God’s promise was fulfilled, and His Messenger was victorious over those who besieged him and fought him. God even defeated empires and great nations that fought Islam, and Islam remained while they all perished. God and His Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, were truthful.

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